Publications List

The nature of penalty clauses in contracts

Penalty clauses in commercial contracts are extra obligations provided in the commercial contract. Their increasing use aims to ensure compliance with the primary obligation in that incompliance allows for reimbursement.

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time is money

Control of working hours and overtime in Spain

The regulations on labour and employment in Spain require that all companies keep a daily record of the working hours and the overtime completed by workers. The detection of breaches in compliance with the regulations can result in economic fines for companies.

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Guide to Law Studies in Germany

Law is easy is what student magazine ZEIT Campus entitles its interview with Thomas Fischer, the presiding judge of the Federal Court of Justice. The article quotes the judge as …

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The part-time contract linked to training in Spain

Companies in Spain that employ workers under the age of 30 years old may apply for a reduction of the company’s contribution to social security. This allowance will be from 75% to 100% depending on the number of workers and will be applicable for a period of one year, which may be extended for another year.

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Sun Tax on Photovoltaic systems in Spain

The new law regarding the taxation of photovoltaic systems in Spain requires that households operating this technology pay grid fees in addition to a ´sun tax´. Furthermore, it regulates the selling of electricity from private households. The fines for not complying with the restrictions can reach a height of €60 million. However, installations smaller than 10kW and specific locations are exempt from this law.

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Compulsory energy audits for large companies in Spain

By November 2016, large companies that, for at least two consecutive years, fulfil specific conditions (those that employ at least 250 people, and those that, without meeting the previous requirement, have a turnover of more than 50 million euros and a general balance exceeding 43 million euros) must undergo their first energy audit.

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Similar trademarks and the risk of confusion in the European Union

Following the ruling of the European Union Court of Justice (C-223/15) on similar trademarks and the risk of confusion, supplemental petitions are expected to limit infringement zones, which will oblige judges to conduct detailed analysis before issuing extensive cessation orders covering the entire EU territory.

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