Forward purchase and forward funding contracts are particular kinds of contracts that perfectly meet the characteristics of a sales contract of a future good. These are two types of bilateral sales contracts of a future building concluded between an owner builder seller and an investor buyer. These contracts are often used in large real estate transactions.
An immovable property seller must take the risks that an immovable property sold to a buyer might encounter. In other words, the seller is held liable for the faults and defects that may arise after the sale. The Spanish Civil Code along with Law 38/1999, of 5 November, on Construction Planning (LOE) establishes the different types of liability, as well as the limitation period for actions for damages.
Before the economic and financial crisis, the Spanish real estate and construction sectors constituted one of the pillars of the country’s economy and real estate promoters used to benefit from the support of national banks. Because of the crisis, the real estate market has sharply declined. Real estate promoters had to find alternative funding sources.
A sales contract of a property under construction is similar to a sales contract of a future good. The future good is certainly an object that does not exist, but on whose existence the parties have already agreed upon. Consequently, the parties agree on the object of the contract, in this case the building to be constructed, on the price, the rules to calculate the price, the obligations, and the conditions regarding the transmission of the building once it has been constructed.
Selling a property under construction consists in the conclusion of a sales contract related to a property that has not yet been constructed, but the parties have already agreed on its existence and hence on its creation as well as on its price. Therefore, the parties conclude a sales contract related to a future good which involves its own different characteristics.
The building lease market in Spain has strengthened from the economic crisis and has begun to displace the ownership regime. However, the war between supply and the demand, and the hidden decoys behind feasible rents, can entail the assumption of taxes and expenses that parties should understand and negotiate.
Aside from the responsibility of the taxable person (landlord) with regard to the Administration, and the more or less logical justification that could support the payment of expenses and fees related to leasing in Spain (community, supplies, waste), in Spain there is a principle of freedom to establish which taxes and expenses must be passed on to the tenant.
The Spanish real estate market has begun their 2016 recovery and growth perspectives, which are promising so far. E: The real estate market is making progress and it is the right time to buy property in Spain. Prices are low, perspectives are positive and the market is dynamic. It is a prime time for individuals outside of Spain to invest in properties. However, it is important to understand the buying process in Spain to avoid complications.
The real estate sector in Spain is recovering, and looks promising. Nevertheless we must consider the risks and steps involved in purchasing real estate and understand how to conduct a safe transaction.
Law 2/2015 replaces the method of updating the rent of urban leases in Spain, the IPC, with the Warranty Competitiveness Index (IGC). This modification has affected various articles of the Urban Leasing Act in Spain.
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